About the Authors

Xavier I Ambroggio

Affiliation Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America

Douglas C Rees

Affiliations Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America

Raymond J Deshaies

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: deshaies@caltech.edu

Affiliations Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no conflicts of interest exist.

Author Contributions

XIA, DCR, and RJD conceived and designed the experiments. XIA performed the experiments. XIA, DCR, and RJD analyzed the data. XIA, DCR, and RJD contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools. XIA wrote the paper.