About the Authors

Thijs Kaper

Current address: Genencor International, Palo Alto, California, United States of America

Affiliation Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution, Stanford, California, United States of America

Loren L Looger

Current address: Janelia Farm, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia, United States of America

Affiliation Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution, Stanford, California, United States of America

Hitomi Takanaga

Affiliation Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution, Stanford, California, United States of America

Michael Platten

Affiliations Department of Neuro-oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, INF 400, Heidelberg, Germany , German Cancer Research Center, INF 280, Heidelberg, Germany

Lawrence Steinman

Affiliation Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Wolf B Frommer

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: wfrommer@stanford.edu

Affiliation Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution, Stanford, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

TK, LLL, HT, and WBF conceived and designed the experiments and analyzed the data. TK performed the experiments. MP and LS contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools. TK, LLL, and WBF wrote the paper. LLL performed the computer modeling.