About the Authors

Alfred Ian Lee

Contributed equally to this work with: Alfred Ian Lee, Sebastian D Fugmann

Affiliation Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Sebastian D Fugmann

Contributed equally to this work with: Alfred Ian Lee, Sebastian D Fugmann

Affiliation Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Lindsay G Cowell

Affiliation Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Leon M Ptaszek

Affiliation Ruttenberg Cancer Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine of New York University, New York, New York, United States of America

Garnett Kelsoe

Affiliation Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

David G Schatz

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: david.schatz@yale.edu

Affiliation Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no conflicts of interest exist.

Author Contributions

AIL, SDF, LGC, LMP, and DGS conceived and designed the experiments. AIL, SDF, and LGC performed the experiments. AIL, SDF, LGC, GK, and DGS analyzed the data. AIL, SDF, LGC, and LMP contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools. AIL, SDF, LGC, and DGS wrote the paper.